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The 45% Problem . Probabilistic Pricing for FIFA World Cup 2026.

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Provenance
snapshot
2026-06-15T02:34Z
code
f72c23e928f505f7
data
sha256:8825c97bd8278465702f2583f22efc49
Cite

Duarte Jaraba, N. (2026). The 45% Problem. OSF. osf.io/spmkg

Bracket

Per-round marginal probabilities · snapshot 2026-06-15T02:34Z · phase group stage

MODEL STATE · 2026-06-15

Bracket · per-round marginal probabilities

draw-resolved bracket; per-round marginal probabilities
48 teams · 6 rounds
team · seed · group
GRP
R16
QF
SF
FIN
CHA
ESPSpain flagSpain#1 · H
97.7%
77.2%
58.5%
42.4%
30.9%
18.7%
FRAFrance flagFrance#2 · I
93.5%
70.5%
43.6%
27.3%
22.0%
14.4%
ARGArgentina flagArgentina#3 · J
95.2%
67.0%
42.0%
27.4%
22.1%
14.2%
ENGEngland flagEngland#4 · L
90.6%
62.5%
41.0%
19.9%
15.2%
8.9%
BRABrazil flagBrazil#5 · C
97.2%
71.9%
44.0%
30.0%
13.9%
6.3%
MARMorocco flagMorocco#6 · C
97.0%
70.0%
41.7%
28.6%
12.7%
5.8%
NEDNetherlands flagNetherlands#7 · F
86.9%
59.0%
37.9%
17.7%
10.1%
4.8%
PORPortugal flagPortugal#8 · K
85.9%
48.0%
25.4%
10.1%
7.2%
3.6%
BELBelgium flagBelgium#9 · G
97.4%
56.8%
28.5%
16.7%
8.3%
3.6%
GERGermany flagGermany#10 · E
96.7%
62.4%
38.0%
17.3%
8.8%
3.5%
MEXMexico flagMexico#11 · A
92.5%
65.6%
42.3%
20.1%
7.3%
2.7%
CROCroatia flagCroatia#12 · L
76.3%
41.3%
17.7%
5.8%
4.0%
1.7%
SUISwitzerland flagSwitzerland#13 · B
84.8%
51.1%
30.1%
12.4%
4.0%
1.4%
USAUnited States flagUnited States#14 · D
75.8%
36.2%
18.0%
10.3%
3.6%
1.2%
URUUruguay flagUruguay#15 · H
82.6%
43.8%
14.6%
7.0%
3.1%
1.1%
IRNIR Iran flagIR Iran#16 · G
89.1%
47.9%
22.1%
11.0%
3.2%
1.0%
COLColombia flagColombia#17 · K
75.0%
32.8%
13.3%
4.2%
2.5%
1.0%
JPNJapan flagJapan#18 · F
72.4%
40.9%
19.0%
7.2%
2.8%
0.9%
SENSenegal flagSenegal#19 · I
66.9%
28.1%
8.0%
3.4%
2.0%
0.9%
KORKorea Republic flagKorea Republic#20 · A
81.0%
53.0%
25.5%
10.5%
2.5%
0.7%
ECUEcuador flagEcuador#21 · E
86.9%
50.3%
23.2%
9.7%
2.5%
0.7%
EGYEgypt flagEgypt#22 · G
82.7%
48.0%
21.6%
10.1%
2.0%
0.6%
TURTürkiye flagTürkiye#23 · D
60.7%
26.0%
11.8%
5.9%
1.4%
0.4%
CIVCôte d'Ivoire flagCôte d'Ivoire#24 · E
76.7%
46.6%
19.2%
7.5%
1.4%
0.4%
CANCanada flagCanada#25 · B
67.9%
33.5%
14.8%
4.9%
1.2%
0.3%
SCOScotland flagScotland#26 · C
64.6%
49.7%
21.2%
8.4%
1.3%
0.3%
AUSAustralia flagAustralia#27 · D
54.9%
21.8%
9.6%
4.5%
1.0%
0.2%
CZECzechia flagCzechia#28 · A
62.1%
40.1%
16.5%
6.0%
0.9%
0.1%
AUTAustria flagAustria#29 · J
51.0%
14.1%
2.9%
0.9%
0.4%
0.1%
SWESweden flagSweden#30 · F
34.3%
15.8%
5.5%
1.7%
0.3%
0.1%
ALGAlgeria flagAlgeria#31 · J
42.9%
10.3%
1.9%
0.5%
0.3%
0.1%
PARParaguay flagParaguay#32 · D
36.8%
14.1%
5.1%
2.0%
0.4%
0.1%
PANPanama flagPanama#33 · L
28.2%
7.9%
1.5%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
QATQatar flagQatar#34 · B
41.9%
18.5%
5.9%
1.5%
0.2%
0.0%
RSASouth Africa flagSouth Africa#35 · A
42.6%
27.3%
8.7%
2.3%
0.3%
0.0%
NORNorway flagNorway#36 · I
28.4%
7.5%
1.4%
0.3%
0.1%
0.0%
TUNTunisia flagTunisia#37 · F
27.9%
12.6%
3.9%
1.5%
0.1%
0.0%
CPVCabo Verde flagCabo Verde#38 · H
13.6%
5.9%
1.3%
0.4%
0.1%
0.0%
KSASaudi Arabia flagSaudi Arabia#39 · H
21.3%
9.2%
2.5%
0.8%
0.1%
0.0%
BIHBosnia & Herzegovina flagBosnia & Herzegovina#40 · B
27.1%
10.8%
2.6%
0.5%
0.1%
0.0%
CODCongo DR flagCongo DR#41 · K
20.5%
4.0%
0.5%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
CUWCuraçao flagCuraçao#42 · E
18.3%
12.5%
2.2%
0.5%
0.0%
0.0%
GHAGhana flagGhana#43 · L
4.9%
0.6%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
HAIHaiti flagHaiti#44 · C
13.1%
10.3%
2.3%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
IRQIraq flagIraq#45 · I
11.2%
1.5%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
JORJordan flagJordan#46 · J
10.9%
1.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
NZLNew Zealand flagNew Zealand#47 · G
15.7%
11.1%
2.2%
0.4%
0.0%
0.0%
UZBUzbekistan flagUzbekistan#48 · K
18.7%
3.1%
0.5%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
P(reach round) density
0%
100%
column legend
R16: marginal P(reach round of 16 from group). · QF: marginal P(reach quarter-final). · SF: marginal P(reach semi-final). · FIN: marginal P(reach final). · CHA: marginal P(champion).
All values are marginal over the Monte Carlo ensemble; not conditional on the team surviving the previous round. A 50% R16 and 25% QF means one in four MC runs has the team in the QF, not that half of those reaching R16 then advance.
provenancepre-registered · osf.io/spmkg
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